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Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)
is a volcanic island 940 km south of Tokyo,〔Smithsonian Institution, (''Global Volcanism Program'' )〕 that is part of the Volcano Islands arc. The island was enlarged in 1974 after fresh eruptions created a new section of the island. Another eruption that began in November 2013 further enlarged the island. Its maximum height was estimated at 110 meters on 27 December 2014.〔http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30610447〕 It has also been known as Rosario Island.〔Freeman, Otis W. (1951). (''Geography of the Pacific,'' pp. 229-235. )〕
==Morphology==
Prior to 1974, Nishinoshima formed a small, green island which had no eruptions in the past 10,000 years. The island was merely the tip of an undersea volcano some 3000 m in height and 30 km wide at the base. Its main period of activity was from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://gbank.gsj.jp/volcano/Quat_Vol/volcano_data/G22.html )〕 The volcano takes the form of a caldera, with the original Nishinoshima and some nearby rocks forming part of the northwest ridge of a caldera about 1 km in diameter. The island was originally about 650 m long and 200 m wide. A 1911 survey determined the caldera was 107 meters at its deepest.〔 The volcano has many large, submarine, satellite cones to the south, west and northeast. The southern cone rises to within 196 m of the surface, around 9 km SSE of Nishinoshima.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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